International Comparisons of Manufacturing Productivity and Unit Labor Costs Trends, Report Tables
Table 3. Unit labor costs (ULC) in U.S. dollars and in national currency and exchange rates
Manufacturing, 19 countries, 1979-2012
Average Annual compound rates of change
| Country | Indicator | 1979-2012 | 2007-2012 | 2010-2011 | 2011-2012 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
United States
|
ULC in U.S. dollars
ULC in nat curr.
Exchange rates
|
0.2
0.2
0.0
|
-0.3
-0.3
0.0
|
0.9
0.9
0.0
|
-1.8
-1.8
0.0
|
|
Australia
|
ULC in U.S. dollars
ULC in nat curr.
Exchange rates
|
0.2
0.2
0.0
|
-0.3
-0.3
0.0
|
0.9
0.9
0.0
|
-1.8
-1.8
0.0
|
|
Beligum
|
ULC in U.S. dollars
ULC in nat curr.
Exchange rates
|
1.0
1.2
-0.2
|
4.0
-0.9
5.0
|
0.9
0.9
0.0
|
-3.3
4.7
-7.6
|
|
Canada
|
ULC in U.S. dollars
ULC in nat curr.
Exchange rates
|
2.5
2.0
0.5
|
1.7
0.2
1.5
|
4.5
0.3
4.1
|
0.5
1.5
-1.0
|
|
Czech Republic
|
ULC in U.S. dollars
ULC in nat curr.
Exchange rates
|
NA
NA
NA
|
-1.0
-1.7
0.7
|
4.6
-3.1
7.9
|
-7.1
2.8
-9.6
|
|
Denmark
|
ULC in U.S. dollars
ULC in nat curr.
Exchange rates
|
2.2
2.5
-0.3
|
-0.7
0.5
-1.2
|
3.8
-1.0
4.8
|
-9.3
-2.1
-7.3
|
|
Finland
|
ULC in U.S. dollars
ULC in nat curr.
Exchange rates
|
0.9
1.5
-0.5
|
5.0
6.3
-1.3
|
10.6
5.4
5.0
|
2.2
10.6
-7.6
|
|
France
|
ULC in U.S. dollars
ULC in nat curr.
Exchange rates
|
1.6
2.2
-0.6
|
0.9
2.2
-1.3
|
6.4
1.4
5.0
|
-4.5
3.4
-7.6
|
|
Germany
|
ULC in U.S. dollars
ULC in nat curr.
Exchange rates
|
1.8
1.3
0.6
|
0.6
1.9
-1.3
|
1.8
-3.0
5.0
|
-3.4
4.5
-7.6
|
|
Italy
|
ULC in U.S. dollars
ULC in nat curr.
Exchange rates
|
2.5
4.4
-1.8
|
1.8
3.1
-1.3
|
6.8
1.8
5.0
|
-3.9
4.0
-7.6
|
|
Japan
|
ULC in U.S. dollars
ULC in nat curr.
Exchange rates
|
1.9
-1.1
3.1
|
7.7
-0.4
8.1
|
14.6
4.2
10.0
|
4.0
3.9
0.0
|
|
Korea
|
ULC in U.S. dollars
ULC in nat curr.
Exchange rates
|
1.4
4.0
-2.5
|
-1.6
2.2
-3.8
|
5.8
1.4
4.3
|
1.5
3.1
-1.6
|
|
Netherlands
|
ULC in U.S. dollars
ULC in nat curr.
Exchange rates
|
1.1
0.6
0.5
|
0.5
1.8
-1.3
|
2.8
-2.0
5.0
|
-4.7
3.1
-7.6
|
|
Norway
|
ULC in U.S. dollars
ULC in nat curr.
Exchange rates
|
3.5
3.9
-0.4
|
1.4
1.2
0.2
|
9.8
1.8
7.8
|
-1.7
2.1
-3.7
|
|
Singapore
|
ULC in U.S. dollars
ULC in nat curr.
Exchange rates
|
1.9
0.2
1.7
|
1.8
-1.9
3.8
|
6.1
-2.2
8.4
|
2.6
1.9
0.6
|
|
Spain
|
ULC in U.S. dollars
ULC in nat curr.
Exchange rates
|
1.7
3.8
-2.0
|
-1.9
-0.7
-1.3
|
3.6
-1.3
5.0
|
-10.2
-2.8
-7.6
|
|
Sweden
|
ULC in U.S. dollars
ULC in nat curr.
Exchange rates
|
-0.3
1.1
-1.4
|
0.8
0.8
0.0
|
11.1
0.1
11.0
|
0.6
5.0
-4.2
|
|
Taiwan
|
ULC in U.S. dollars
ULC in nat curr.
Exchange rates
|
1.1
0.5
0.6
|
-1.6
-3.7
2.1
|
5.7
-1.6
7.4
|
0.4
1.0
-0.5
|
|
United Kingdom
|
ULC in U.S. dollars
ULC in nat curr.
Exchange rates
|
2.0
2.9
-0.9
|
-2.8
1.9
-4.6
|
2.5
-1.1
3.7
|
5.1
6.6
-1.4
|
NOTE: Exchange rates are value of foreign currency relative to the U.S. dollar.
German data for years before 1991 pertain to the former West Germany.
Source: The Conference Board, International Labor Comparisons program
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