International Comparisons of Manufacturing Productivity and Unit Labor Costs Trends, Summary Table 3
26 May 2015
Table 3. Growth trend in unit labor cost (ULC) in U.S. dollars and in national currency and exchange rates
Manufacturing sector, 1999-2014
Average annual compound rates of change
Country Indicator |
1999-2006 | 2007-2012 | 2013 | 2014 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
United States ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
-1.9-1.90.0 |
0.10.10.0 |
-0.1-0.10.0 |
0.50.50.0 |
Austrlia ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
4.62.32.3 |
7.92.35.5 |
-5.51.4-6.8 |
-2.24.8-6.6 |
Austria ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
0.2-1.41.5 |
1.61.20.4 |
5.11.73.3 |
1.61.7-0.1 |
Belgium ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
1.3-0.21.5 |
1.20.80.4 |
4.41.03.3 |
-2.1-2.0-0.1 |
Canada ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
4.91.43.4 |
3.61.42.1 |
-1.51.5-3.0 |
-8.1-1.2-6.9 |
Czech Republic ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
2.5-2.04.6 |
1.3-1.12.4 |
2.82.80.0 |
-6.8-1.1-5.7 |
Denmark ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
2.50.91.5 |
0.2-0.30.4 |
1.3-1.83.1 |
2.01.90.1 |
Finland ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
-1.5-3.01.5 |
4.74.30.4 |
1.6-1.73.3 |
-0.3-0.3-0.1 |
France ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
0.8-0.71.5 |
1.41.00.4 |
4.51.13.3 |
0.10.2-0.1 |
Germany ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
-0.1-1.61.5 |
1.61.20.4 |
6.73.23.3 |
1.01.1-0.1 |
Ireland ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
0.0-1.41.4 |
-1.6-2.00.4 |
9.56.03.3 |
-1.4-1.4-0.1 |
Italy ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
3.01.51.5 |
2.72.30.4 |
4.61.23.3 |
3.13.1-0.1 |
Japan ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
-2.9-4.41.5 |
3.9-2.56.5 |
-19.8-1.9-18.2 |
-7.40.6-7.9 |
Netherlands ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
1.2-0.41.5 |
1.00.60.4 |
5.72.33.3 |
0.20.3-0.1 |
Norway ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
4.22.12.1 |
3.92.21.6 |
1.62.6-1.0 |
-6.30.5-6.8 |
Singapore ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
-3.1-3.70.7 |
3.3-0.84.1 |
3.13.2-0.1 |
0.31.5-1.2 |
South Korea ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
4.6-0.34.9 |
-1.90.8-2.7 |
3.00.12.9 |
4.00.04.0 |
Spain ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
2.91.41.5 |
1.71.30.4 |
1.3-2.03.3 |
-0.3-0.3-0.1 |
Sweden ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
-2.0-2.90.9 |
3.21.71.4 |
3.5-0.54.0 |
-3.51.6-5.1 |
Taiwan ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
-3.1-3.50.4 |
-2.5-4.11.6 |
-0.7-0.2-0.5 |
-4.6-2.7-2.0 |
United Kingdom ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
2.10.71.3 |
-0.71.9-2.5 |
3.04.1-1.0 |
6.20.95.3 |
All Economies ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
-0.3NANA |
1.4NANA |
-2.0NANA |
-0.7NANA |
Europe ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
1.1NANA |
1.4NANA |
4.8NANA |
1.1NANA |
Euro Area ULC in U.S. dollarsULC in national currencyExchange rate |
1.1-0.5NA |
1.71.30.4 |
5.31.93.3 |
0.80.9-0.1 |
Note:
NA = Not Available
“Output” is defined as value added.
Data for all countries relate to all employed persons (employees and self-employed workers), except for Taiwan, where data relate to employees (wage and salary earners) and Singapore where data for compensation refer to employees (wage and salary earners).
Data for all countries (except Japan) are prepared according to the System of National Accounts (SNA) 2008 or its European counterpart, the European System of Accounts 2010 (ESA 2010). Data for Japan are based on the SNA 1993.
Prior to 1991, data for Germany are estimated with data from the former West Germany.
All Economies refers to all countries in the ILC productivity and unit labor costs comparisons series, excluding Norway, Singapore, and Taiwan due to missing purchasing power parities (PPPs) for manufacturing used to convert output denominated in national currency units to US dollars.
Europe includes Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Norway is excluded due to missing purchasing power parities (PPPs) for manufacturing used to convert output denominated in national currency units to US dollars.
Euro Area includes Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, and Spain.
Exchange rates relate to US dollar per national currency; exchange rate growth signifies an appreciation of the national currency relative to the US dollar.
For complete definitions and country information, see Technical Notes and Country Notes (Coming Soon).
The use of all TCB data and materials is subject to the Terms of Use. Reprint requests are reviewed individually and may be subject to additional fees. TCB reserves the right to deny any request.
