Global Economy Briefs

The White House's Game Plan for Achieving Trade Balance

February 17, 2025

The White House's Game Plan for Achieving Trade Balance...with 200 Partners

The White House recently announced its “Fair and Reciprocal Plan” regarding trade. The plan details imposing reciprocal trade actions, including tariffs, against US trading partners that the Administration determines to engage in unfair practices.

Key goals: The stated objectives of the plan include correcting longstanding trade imbalances, reducing the US trade deficit, and increasing US competitiveness.

Key actions: The Administration’s memorandum instructs the Department of Commerce and Office of the US Trade Representative to investigate and propose remedies for imbalances, with reports due in April. Like with other trade activities over the last month, it’s unclear whether tariffs and other actions could be announced before or pending the results of such investigations.

This is a large undertaking, as the US is the world’s second largest trading nation, behind only China, with relations with more than 200 trading partners globally. The US also has comprehensive free trade agreements in force with 20 countries.

Tariffs are only part of the analysis: The memorandum details that it’s not only tariffs that will be examined when looking at reciprocal US actions. Also considered will be extraterritorial taxes, such as value-added taxes (VAT), subsidies countries provide to their domestic industries, regulatory requirements on US companies operating overseas, limitations to market access for US companies, and other "non-tariff barriers” that would impact US competitiveness.

The TCB take: Businesses should consider identifying sources for products and inputs from more than one country and continue evaluating their supply chains for possible diversification and orientation. This might be particularly valuable if supply chains involve countries the US is running large trade deficits with, as listed in the chart below.

Download Brief